Yalta Conference in World War II

The Yalta Conference was held February 4-11, 1945, and was the second wartime meeting of leaders from the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. Upon arriving at the Crimean resort of Yalta, Allied leaders hoped to define the post-World War II peace and set the stage for rebuilding Europe. During the conference, President Franklin Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin discussed the future of Poland and Eastern Europe, the occupation of Germany, the return of prewar governments to occupied countries, and the Soviet entry into the war with Japan. While the participants left Yalta pleased with the result, the conference later was viewed as a betrayal after Stalin broke promises regarding Eastern Europe. Fast Facts: Yalta Conference Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Date: February 4-11, 1945Participants:United States - President Franklin RooseveltGreat Britain - Prime Minister Winston ChurchillSoviet Union - Joseph StalinWartime Conferences:Casablanca ConferenceTehran ConferencePotsdam Conference Background In early 1945, with World War II in Europe drawing to a close, Franklin Roosevelt (United States), Winston Churchill (Great Britain), and Joseph Stalin (USSR) agreed to meet to discuss war strategy and issues that would affect the postwar world. Dubbed the Big Three, the Allied leaders had met previously in November 1943, at the Tehran Conference. Seeking a neutral site for the meeting, Roosevelt suggested a gathering somewhere on the Mediterranean. While Churchill was in favor, Stalin refused citing that his doctors prohibited him from making any long trips. In lieu of the Mediterranean, Stalin proposed the Black Sea resort of Yalta. Eager to meet face to face, Roosevelt agreed to Stalins request. As the leaders traveled to Yalta, Stalin was in the strongest position as Soviet troops were a mere forty miles from Berlin. This was reinforced by the home court advantage of hosting the meeting in the USSR. Further weakening the western Allies position was Roosevelts failing health and Britains increasingly junior position relative to the US and USSR. With the arrival of all three delegations, the conference opened on February 4, 1945. Agendas Each leader came to Yalta with an agenda. Roosevelt desired Soviet military support against Japan following the defeat of Germany and Soviet participation in the United Nations, while Churchill was focused on securing free elections for Soviet-liberated countries in Eastern Europe. Counter to Churchills desire, Stalin sought to build a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe to protect against future threats. In addition to these long-term issues, the three powers also needed to develop a plan for governing postwar Germany. Yalta Conference, left to right: Secretary of State Edward Stettinius, Maj. Gen. L. S. Kuter, Admiral E. J. King, General George C. Marshall, Ambassador Averell Harriman, Admiral William Leahy, and President F. D. Roosevelt. Livadia Palace, Crimea, Russia. Library of Congress Poland Shortly after the meeting opened, Stalin took a firm stance on the issue of Poland, citing that twice in the previous thirty years it had been used as an invasion corridor by the Germans. Furthermore, he stated that the Soviet Union would not return the land annexed from Poland in 1939, and that the nation could be compensated with land taken from Germany. While these terms were non-negotiable, he was willing to agree to free elections in Poland. While the latter pleased Churchill, it soon became clear that Stalin had no intention of honoring this promise. Germany In regard to Germany, it was decided that the defeated nation would be divided into three zones of occupation, one for each of the Allies, with a similar plan for the city of Berlin. While Roosevelt and Churchill advocated for a fourth zone for the French, Stalin would only acquiesce if the territory was taken from the American and British zones. After reasserting that only unconditional surrender would be acceptable the Big Three agreed that Germany would undergo demilitarization and denazification, as well as that some war reparations would be in the form of forced labor. Japan Pressing on the issue of Japan, Roosevelt secured a promise from Stalin to enter the conflict ninety days after the defeat of Germany. In return for Soviet military support, Stalin demanded and received American diplomatic recognition of Mongolian independence from Nationalist China. Caving on this point, Roosevelt hoped to deal with the Soviets through the United Nations, which Stalin did agree to join after voting procedures in the Security Council were defined. Returning to European affairs, it was jointly agreed that the original, prewar governments would be returned to liberated countries. Exceptions were made in the cases of France, whose government had become collaborationist, and Romania and Bulgaria where the Soviets had effectively dismantled the governmental systems. Further supporting this was a statement that all displaced civilians would be returned to their countries of origin. Ending on February 11, the three leaders departed Yalta in a celebratory mood. This initial view of the conference was shared by the people in each nation, but ultimately proved short-lived. With Roosevelts death in April 1945, relations between the Soviets and the West became increasingly tense. Aftermath As Stalin reneged on promises concerning Eastern Europe, perception of Yalta changed and Roosevelt was blamed for effectively ceding Eastern Europe to the Soviets. While his poor health may have affected his judgment, Roosevelt was able to secure some concessions from Stalin during the meeting. Despite this, many came to view the meeting as a sellout that greatly encouraged Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe and northeast Asia. The leaders of the Big Three would meet again that July for the Potsdam Conference. During the meeting, Stalin was effectively able to have the decisions of Yalta ratified as he was able to take advantage of new US President Harry S. Truman and a change of power in Britain that saw Churchill replaced partway through the conference by Clement Attlee.

Human Genetics And Molecular Mechanisms - 1657 Words

Having a childhood friend with an abnormal genetic condition had a significant impact in my life at a very early stage. As a child, I was puzzled with questions about him being different than rest of the children. It was only during my middle and high school that I learnt about genetics and started embracing the concept of DNA and the mutations associated with genes which could lead to abnormal genetic conditions. This little exposure to genetics helped me in understanding why my friend was different from rest of us and motivated me to further pursue my interest in biological sciences. To learn more about human genetics and molecular mechanisms involved in the various genetic disorders, I decided to pursue a comprehensive undergraduate course at Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, (Raipur, India). My undergraduate studies gave me an opportunity to learn a wide variety of concepts in human genetics along with chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology. As part of my curriculum, I worked for a summer research project involved with Human Cytogenetics in Genetech which is India’s one of the leading genetic testing laboratory based in Hyderabad. This gave me a hands-on training in handling patients sample and performing karyotyping on the same. During this program, I also got an opportunity to participate in a few genetic counselling sessions which not only made me aware of radical approach the counsellors follow to help the families in understanding theShow MoreRelatedDetails Oriented And Independent Scientist Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesSU MMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS Detail-oriented and independent scientist with research experience in human aging and genetic diseases, pursuing a variant scientist role in clinical genomics and genetic counseling ï‚ § Hands-on experience in human genetics, interpretation of genomics data, and validation of disease mechanism ï‚ § Efforts to comply with various regulations including HIPAA and IACUC ï‚ § Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, as well as excellent communication skills to work with high-caliberRead MoreMicrobiology Class At City College Of San Francisco Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagespatients’ symptoms. The patients may not be responding to the current antimicrobial treatment that was prescribed because the microbes causing a skin infection developed resistance to the antimicrobial drugs. This can be due to mutations and transfer of genetic materials that the microorganisms have developed causing resistance to the antimicrobial drugs. The team goes on to discuss the hypothesis and process in which a microbial resistance may have been created. Microbiota can be defined as a collectionRead MoreThe Biotechnology And Pharmaceutical Industry Essay953 Words   |  4 Pagesfully utilize well-honed expertise in biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology techniques ï‚ § Hands-on and supervisory experience in molecular cloning, genome editing, protein expression, cell line generation and characterization, and cell-based assay developments ï‚ § Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, as well as the ability to motivate high-caliber teams of professionals to achieve high levels of productivity CORE COMPETENCIES ï‚ § Molecular and Cellular Biology: Mammalian Cell Culture (StemRead MoreHealth Care For Chronically Ill Individuals1447 Words   |  6 Pageslongevity. The prohibitive cost of health care for chronically ill individuals makes it important to pursue all avenues of study related to health in an aging population. Genetics is thought to comprise ~30% of the multi-faceted factors associated with longevity. It is important to summarize the current information available on the molecular basis of longevity to provide the foundation for future therapies. Two of the most highly associated genes with longevity across populations are APOE and FOXO3A. AdditionallyRead MoreEvolution Drives The Diversity And Unity Of Life1674 Words   |  7 Pagesand unity of life Natural selection is evolutions driving mechanism. Evolution is â€Å"the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from early forms during the history of the earth.† Darwin s theory states that inheritable variations exist within individuals in a population. This big idea has impacted human life and evolution in many ways. With natural selection as its major mechanism, according to Darwin’s theory, competition for limited resourcesRead MoreGene Expression : The Consequences Of Human DNA And Human Genes1345 Words   |  6 Pages Human DNA is found in 23 pairs of chromosomes and within these chromosomes are sections of DNA called genes. Genes make up the physical traits inherited and expressed from mom and dad. When the DNA found within these genes provides genetic instructions to encode proteins or other molecules, this is called gene expression. Gene expression is the process by which genetic information stored in a gene dictates a cells function. This process is essential as regulatory proteins control the rate of geneRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Complex And Heterogeneous Disease Caused By Genetic Mutations782 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease caused by both genetic and non-genetic risk factors. These factors include, mutations in breast cancer-associated genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) [1]; loss or aberrant expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) [2]; human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) overexpression [3] ; lack of ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression[4] ; high levels of receptor for the insulin-like growth factor receptorRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects On The Lives Of Millions Americans Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily members and care givers as well. Molecular mechanisms that underlie these diseases have remained relatively unclear, despite much research. Understanding the mechanisms of these diseases are facilitated by utilizing model organisms to study pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases. One such model organism is the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. The C. elegans roundworm has displayed usefulness as a template to study neurodegenerative diseases in humans, including Parkinson’s disease andRead MoreGenome Wide Association Studies ( Gwas ) Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully tagged thousands of disease- or trait-associated genetic loci. However, molecular mechanisms linking the locus to the disease phenotype often remain unclear. Moreover, for most complex diseases and traits, associations found in GWAS explain only a small proportion of the phenotypic variation (129, 130). For example, although 71 independent loci have been associated with Crohn s Disease, they account for only 23% of the estimatedRead MorePssc Research Paper780 Words   |  4 PagesPre cision Medicine and Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes from iPSCs Slide 1-23 1500 words Advances in Application of iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes for Future Medicine -Modeling Inherited cardiomyopathy with human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes The advent of iPS cell technology and improvements in protocols for cardiomyocytes differentiation open the door to using iPSC-CMs platform for disease modeling and toxicological assays in various cardiovascular diseases. To data, one of the most successful area

Odysseus versus Spaz free essay sample

Everyone needs a hero to look up to. People idolize heroes simply because of their admirable character traits. Examples of heroic characters would be Odysseus from Homers epic poem The Odyssey and Spaz from The Last Book in the Universe by Rodman Philbrick. The Odyssey is about the arduous Journey home of Odysseus after the Trojan War. The Last Book in the Universe is about Spazs strenuous Journey to see his sister, Bean, who has terminal cancer. Though both of these fgures are honorable, Odysseus is the better epic hero than Spaz because he ossesses more traits of an epic hero. The first example of why Odysseus is the better hero is because he gets help from gods and goddesses, which is a traditional characteristic of an epic hero. Spaz does not get actual help. One of the times Athena helped Odysseus was when he was stuck on Calypsos island. We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus versus Spaz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She urges her father, Zeus, to help him get free. Zeus sends Hermes to Calypso on his behalf telling Calypso to release him. Also, Aeolus, the god of wind, helped them get home by using the power of winds. I think that in The Last Book in the Universe, Philbrick portrays Lanaya as a symbol of a goddess. She is a genetically improved person, or proov, that helps out Spaz to save Bean. The way that Philbrick described Lanaya having beautiful gray sky-colored eyes, and perfect skin, and short hair that sort of glows, like the sun is always shining on her, makes her sound almost goddess-like (22. ). Although she is not an actual goddess, Odysseus definitely better possesses this trait of an epic hero. The next example supporting the thesis of Odysseus eing the better hero would be the fact that, unlike Spaz, Odysseus completes a final task alone at the end of his Journey. An epic hero can have help from others in the rising tasks, but they must always accomplish the last task on their own. Odysseus exhibits bravery in his Journey alone throughout the book. He takes control of the situations and faces conflict alone. On the other hand, Spaz is accompanied by Ryter and Lanaya who advise and assist him the entire time. Spaz was incapable of grasping the conditions he was faced with, whereas Odysseus received help hroughout the story but alone completed the final task; a trait of an epic hero. Epic heroes face many obstacles in their path to completing the Journey at hand. In The Odyssey, the main character was faced with new difficulties throughout each new location traveled. Along the way, many battles were fought, blood was shed, and enemies were made in the process. For example, Odysseus enraged several of the gods; most of whom was aggravated was Poseidon, god of the waters. This anger was shown when the writer explains that, all the gods had pitied Lord Odysseus, all ut Poseidon, raging cold on through against the brave king till he comes ashore at last his own land (1. 29-32). In The Last Book In The Universe, Spaz, too, encountered a handful of issues and obstacles. He is forbidden to leave the latch to see his sister, Bean, by Billy Bizmo. Spaz goes anyways, and when in the pipe, gets captured by the monkey boys. The last fortunate event that the main character faces unfortunate event is when Spaz and his crew are found by Lottie, and told that they will be able t o see Bean: f they find the probe runner. In order to be considered an epic hero, many traits must be exhibited such as: tacing enemies, having their journey threatened by those enemies, getting help from others who are usually gods or goddesses, and completing a final task alone at the end of their travels. Odysseus strongly portrays all of these traits more than Spaz does. The main character, Odysseus, from Homers The Odyssey, is the greater epic hero as opposed to Spaz from The Last Book in the Universe by Rodman Philbrick.